What is Hypertension (HTN) ? Hypertension is a chronic condition in which there is high blood pressure. Depending on the specific type, there are some variations in its pathophysiology. Pathophysiology of hypertension To understand the pathophysiology of hypertension, the basic physiology of blood pressure must be discussed. The determinants of blood pressure (BP) are cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR). BP = CO x TPR Cardiac output is amount of blood in the heart that is pumped out in 1 minute. It is in turn affected by stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR). CO = SV x HR Stroke volume is the amount of blood delivered in [...]